Large-area, high-numerical-aperture multi-level diffractive lens via inverse design: comment

Anomaly in a high-numerical-aperture diffractive focusing lens.

We show an anomalous behavior in a diffractive lens in which the spot size at the focus reaches a minimum at a numerical aperture of ~0.5 and then increases significantly at higher values. Theoretical and experimental results are presented, along with a comparison with refractive aplanatic lenses, in which the anomaly does not appear to exist.

Optical Design for the Optimum Solid Immersion Lens with High Numerical Aperture and Large Tolerance

Super hemispherical solid immersion lens system becomes a matter of interest due to its high numerical aperture (NA) gain. However, because of the instability of the aplanatic condition, even small amount of alignment error can easily lower the optical performance. To overcome the instability while maintaining high NA gain, we suggest an optimum solid immersion lens (opti-SIL) system which comb...

Design, Analysis, and Optimization of Diffractive Optical Elements under High Numerical Aperture Focusing

Binary subwavelength diffractive-lens design.

We present a procedure for the design of binary diffractive lenses with pulse-width-modulated subwavelength features. The procedure is based on the combination of two approximate theories, effective medium theory and scalar diffraction theory, and accounts for limitations on feature size and etch depth imposed by fabrication. A design example is presented.

Takagi-Taupin description of x-ray dynamical diffraction from diffractive optics with large numerical aperture

Hanfei Yan,1,2,* Jörg Maser,1,2 Albert Macrander,2 Qun Shen,2 Stefan Vogt,2 G. Brian Stephenson,1,3 and Hyon Chol Kang1,3,4 1Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA 2X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA 3Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA 4Advanced Ph...